Derbent is located in the southeast of the Republic of Dagestan, on a narrow coastal strip between the Caspian Sea and the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. The city is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in Russia and the world, with the first fortified settlements dating back to the 5th millennium BC. Derbent's unique geographical location, where the mountains meet the sea, made it a strategic point on the route from Europe to Asia. It was a major caravan route along the Silk Road, and the city was referred to as the «Iron Gates» in ancient sources.

Interesting fact

The defensive system of Derbent was not limited to the city walls: in ancient times, the so-called Mountain Wall (Dag-bary) was built towards the Caucasus Mountains, reaching a length of about 40 kilometers. It completely blocked access through the mountain passes, connecting with the main fortifications near the sea. Thus, Derbent formed a single fortification complex stretching over 40 kilometers, which had no analogues in medieval fortification. In addition, due to the influence of the Caspian Sea, Derbent has a mild climate with warm winters: even in January, the average daily temperature is around zero, which allows for the cultivation of figs, pomegranates, and persimmons in the city's gardens.

How to get there?
The nearest major transport hub is the city of Makhachkala. The distance from Makhachkala to Derbent is about 120 kilometers along the highway, and the travel time by car is 1.5-2 hours, depending on the traffic situation. You can also take a suburban electric train or a regular bus that runs regularly between the two cities. Access to the historical part of Derbent is limited, so it is recommended to leave your car in designated parking lots outside the old city. The best time to visit is in spring and autumn, when the temperature is comfortable for long walks through the stone neighborhoods and fortress walls.